When rap-metal pioneers Rage Against the Machine arrived in 1991, they threatened to be one of the most destructive bands to penetrate America’s pop consciousness. The Los Angeles band’s mix of punk, funk, hip-hop, and metal tapped into Gen X’s angst, and directed grunge’s moody introspection outward—putting fear into authority and fire into the hearts of kids desperate to seek the source of their malaise. Their politically fueled tracks soon caught the attention of Epic Records, who released their chart-topping 1992 self-titled debut, featuring the defiant track “Killing in the Name.” Drawing from the fiery polemics of hip-hop pioneers Public Enemy, vocalist Zack de la Rocha spit vitriol with a cocky charisma over Tom Morello’s squealing, squalling guitar. The quartet continued their momentum, minting alternative hits with 1996’s “Bulls on Parade,” 1999’s “Testify,” and a rousing 2000 version of Afrika Bambaataa’s “Renegades of Funk.” But internal struggles would eventually undo the group, and they officially called it quits in 2000. Still, Rage’s message remained patently relevant—throughout George W. Bush’s presidency (the main impetus for the band’s 2007 reunion) and during Donald Trump’s first term (which brought them together again in 2019).