The Endocannabinoid system is a significant biological systems that exist in all humans and all mammals. The functions of the Endocannabinoid system are myriad and complex within the human physiology and brain. It is a system that is response for cell signaling. For instance, it has a role in metabolism, homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, learning, sleep, emotion processing, mood, many other functions within the brain. The Endocannabinoid system functions within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Recent scientific studies have demonstrated when an individual performs aerobic exercise the endogenous endocannabinoids neurotransmitters are released which produces the experience of a runner’s high. For example, AEA and 2-AG are the two endogenous endocannabinoid neurotransmitters that are released that bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors.

CB1 receptor is located in brain regions that affect memory, emotion and cognition. On the other hand, CB2 receptors are mostly found in the immune cells. To put this context when one consumes cannabis it activates the Endocannabinoid System. THC the main psychoactive chemical in the cannabis plant when consumed causes the individual to experience a euphoric high. For instance, the mechanism of action of THC is that it binds to both CB1 and CB2 receptor. THC is a partial agonist at CB1 receptor. When THC binds to CB1 receptor it inhibits the secondary messenger system adenylate cyclase which is an enzyme that is activated by G proteins. CB1 and CB2 receptors are both G protein couple receptors.

The Endocannabinoid system was not designed for the purpose of consuming cannabis. In fact, chronic administration of phytocannabinoids by individuals causes a down regulation of CB 1 receptors. This is does have a transient effect. For instance, the receptors eventually will regenerate through abstinence. Cannabis can be used for medicine purposes and recreational purposes. However, chronic administration can cause imbalances within the Endocannabinoid system.